Epithalon / Epitalon

Synthetic tetrapeptide based on pineal gland extracts, investigated for telomerase activation and antioxidant effects.

Glutathione (GSH)

Major endogenous antioxidant tripeptide (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) used as a biochemical standard for oxidative stress, redox signaling, and detoxification research.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD⁺) — Pyridine Nucleotide Cofactor (RUO)

Ubiquitous pyridine nucleotide coenzyme central to cellular redox metabolism and widely used as a biochemical reagent for sirtuin/PARP-linked signaling and enzyme assay research models.

MOTS-c — Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide (MDP)

Mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in the 12S rRNA region, utilized as a mechanistic probe for mitochondrial–nuclear signaling, metabolic stress responses, and cellular energy regulation.

SS-31 (Elamipretide)— Mitochondria-Targeted Tetrapeptide

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide studied for cardiolipin stabilization and optimization of electron transport chain efficiency.